Psychotherapeutic Approaches: Biomedical Approaches

Howell, C. R. (2020). Biological treatment of mental disorders. In Gale Science Online Collection. Gale.

Scott, R. L. (2019). Drug therapies. Salem Press Encyclopedia of Health.

Singer, S. S. (2019). Psychosurgery. Salem Press Encyclopedia of Health.

Piotrowski, N. A., PhD, & Guerra, F., MD. (2020). Shock therapy. Magill’s Medical Guide (Online Edition).

From the National Institute of Mental Health, a list of commonly prescribed psychotropic drugs and their side effects.

The authors review contemporary indications for neurosurgical interventions in the management of chronic and refractory mental disorder, the procedures involved, their efficacy and known adverse effects.

From the National Institute of Mental Health, a description of different types of brain stimulation therapies